What Is the Difference Between Molarity and Normality

Both molarity and normality are measures of concentration. One is a measure of the number of moles per liter of solution, while the other is variable, depending on the solutions role in the reaction. What Is Molarity? Molarity is the most commonly used measure of concentration. It is expressed as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. For example, a 1 M solution of H2SO4 contains 1 mole of H2SO4 per liter of solution. H2SO4 dissociates into H and SO4- ions in water. For every mole of H2SO4 that dissociates in solution, 2 moles of H and 1 mole of SO4- ions are formed. This is where normality is generally used. What Is Normality? Normality is a measure of concentration that is equal to the gram equivalent weight per liter of solution. Gram equivalent weight is a measure of the reactive capacity of a molecule. The solutions role in the reaction determines the solutions normality. For acid reactions, a 1 M H2SO4 solution will have normality (N) of 2 N because 2 moles of H ions are present per liter of solution. For sulfide precipitation reactions, where the SO4- ion is the most significant factor, the same 1 M H2SO4 solution will have a normality of 1 N. When to Use Molarity and Normality For most purposes, molarity is the preferred unit of concentration. If the temperature of an experiment will change, then a good unit to use is molality. Normality tends to be used most often for titration calculations. Converting From Molarity to Normality You can convert from molarity (M)Â  to normality (N) using the following equation: N M*n where n is the number of equivalents Note that for some chemical species, N and M are the same (n is 1). The conversion only matters when ionization changes the number of equivalents. How Normality Can Change Because normality references concentration with respect to the reactive species, its an ambiguous unit of concentration (unlike molarity). An example of how this can work may be seen with iron(III) thiosulfate, Fe2(S2O3)3. The normality depends on which part of the redox reaction youre examining. If the reactive species is Fe, then a 1.0 M solution would be 2.0 N (two iron atoms). However, if the reactive species is S2O3, then a 1.0 M solution would be 3.0 N (three moles of thiosulfate ions per each mole of iron thiosulfate). (Usually, the reactions arent this complicated and youd just be examining the number of H ions in a solution.)

Asian American Experience Essay - 1642 Words

Asian American Experience The pain and the suffering, the oppression, and the exclusion all describe the history of Asia America. When they arrived to the United States, they become labeled as Asians. These Asians come from Japan, China, Korea, Laos, Thailand, and many other diverse countries in the Eastern hemisphere. These people wanted to escape from their impoverished lives as the West continued to infiltrate their motherland. They saw America as the promise land filled with opportunity to succeed in life. Yet due to the discrimination placed from society and continual unfair†¦show more content†¦They were forced to separate from society and start their own businesses. Even today Asian Americans have been labeled as Laundromat and restaurant owners. This fear of Asian Americans stealing their jobs influenced the government to respond. Hence, the Asian Americans have a rich history of holding a wide range of occupations throughout their history. 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Accounting Financial Analysis Report Inventories

Question: Write theAccounting Financial Analysis Report forInventories. Answer: Introduction 1.IAS 2 Inventories comprises the condition on how to interpretate for the kinds of inventory.The motive of IAS 2 is to recommend the accounting conduct for inventories. It provide guiadance to determine the charge of inventorie and then recognise an expense which includes write down to the net realisable value. It also gives a guaidance on the formulas of cost. Inventories are actually goods which include assests held for sale in normal operations of commerce and also includes materials and supplies that are wholly expended in manufacture. Accounting standard 2 does not include work in progress, financial instruments, and biological assets which is related to agriculture The important principle is the value the stock at lower of cost and NRV. In inventories the cost should include all the costs of purchase which includes duties, costs of change, with other costs which includes the inventory to carry in to the present location. NRV is actually the projected selling price in normal co urse of business minus the estimated costs or other costs that will lead to complete of sale. Some write down of NRV should be classified as an expense in the period in which the write down happens. IAS 2 allows an entity to disclose operating costsrecognised during the periodby nature of the cost and the quantity of net change in inventories for the period. The reason aimed at using lesser of cost an net realisable value is that the stock should portray correct values and should not be overrated or underrated. If by any case the NRV is less than the cost of producing, then the NRV should be the inventory quantity. The financial statements should show correct figures. The amount of write down of inventory as a result of application of the lower net realisable policy is $ 1.8 million in 2014 and $1.4 million in 2013 (Theresa, 2013). The likely causes of write down of inventory are: A write down in inventory is recorded by reducing the amount recorded as inventory. We can say that the inventory account is reduced by a credit. Inventory is written down if the goods or the pstock is lost or is stolen and in cases where the value has been weakened. If an individual is not aware of the inventory issue or problem then he should charge the entire sum as expense at instance. Write down over the forthcoming periods should not be spread as there is no benefit in this case. The future probability of inventorie is uncertain and it is due to many reasons such as demand of sales, levels of inventory, cost of production and quality of the product. Each balance sheet it is necessary to revalue and to see whether the amount is reflected properly according to the accounting standard. Inventory calculation also integrates a write-down to reflect future losses on the of obsolete produce. The Company also makes provision for the approximation lessening that has occurred amongst phy sical inventory count as a proportion of sales (Wiecek, 2013). Vendor settlement accrual is a system the company archives to cover any disagreements that arises between corporation and its vendors. References Theresa, H. (2013) The Effects of Adopting IFRS: The Canadian Experience. Retrieved 02 December 2016fromhttps://scholarworks.gsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1016context=bus_admin_dis Wiecek, I. (2013) Guide to International Financial Reporting Standards in Canada: The Canadian Experience.Retrieved02December2016from file:///C:/Users/com/Downloads/Guide%20to%20International%20Financial%20Reporting%20Standards%20in%20Canada%20IAS%2016%20Property%20Plant%20and%20Equipment.pdf

Things Fall Apart Essays (1440 words) - African Writers Series

Things Fall Apart Things Fall Apart is a story about personal beliefs and customs and also a story about conflict. There is struggle between family, culture, and religion of the Ibo people which is all brought on by a difference in personal beliefs and customs. There are the strong opinions of the main character, Okonkwo. We are also introduced to the views of his village, Umuofia. Finally, we see how things fall apart when these beliefs and customs are confronted by those of the white missionaries. Chinua Achebe is a product of both native and European cultures. This has a great effect on the telling of the story. When he tells the story with an understanding and personal experiences in both cultures. He does not portray the African culture and their beliefs as barbaric. He simply tells it as it is and how things happened. It is the same with the white men. Chinua Achebe realized that neither of the cultures were bad, but they simply had a difference in beliefs. We see a conflict early in the story between Okonkwo and his father, Unoka. Okonkwo was ruled by one passion - to hate everything that his father Unoka had loved. One of those things was gentleness and another was idleness (p.13). Unoka was considered to be a failure. Okonkwo did not receive anything from his father and he had to start out with nothing. His goal in life was to obtain great wealth and to have many wives and children. The Ibo people considered these things signs of success. Yet, his greatest goal was his desire to become one of the powerful elders of the clan. It is Okonkwo's inner anger and bitterness over his father's failure that seemed to be the driving force behind everything he did in life. This was evident in the fact that he always felt as though he had to do what was manly and he hated weakness. Just as Okonkwo did not want to be like his father, Nwoye did not want to be like Okonkwo. Nwoye possessed traits that Okonkwo did not such as gentleness, forgiveness, and acceptance. Okonkwo saw these as signs of weakness. Okonkwo never showed any emotion openly, unless it be the emotion of anger. To show affection was a sign of weakness; the only thing worth demonstrating was strength (p.28). Okonkwo considered Nwoye to be lazy and wanted him to be a success like himself. Okonkwo wanted his son to be a great farmer and a great man. I will not have a son who cannot hold up his head in the gathering of the clan. I would sooner strangle him with my own hands (p.33). This is an example of the difference in personal beliefs among family. Some may say that the book is about the differences in beliefs between the Africans and the colonizers, but it is more than that. It is clear that it was Okonkwo's personal beliefs and not necessarily the views of the people of Umuofia which guided him in what he did. One of these is his reliance in the strength of anger. Although he felt strongly in the beliefs and customs of the Ibo people, there are several occasions in which Okonkwo made a decision to disobey the customs in order to live out his own personal beliefs. For example, in chapter four, Okonkwo is yelled at by Ezeani, the priest of the earth goddess, for beating his wife during the sacred week of peace. Okonkwo did not feel remorse for his actions and probably thought of it as a sign of strength and manhood. Okonkwo was always worried about being seen as weak. One good example of this is when he kills Ikemefuna. Okonkwo liked the boy because he saw several good qualities in him that he wished his own son possessed. He had to be killed because of one of their customs. When it came time to kill Ikemefuna, Okonkwo delivered the second and final blow from his machete and killed the boy so that people would not think that he was weak. After Ikemefuna was killed, Okonkwo was unable to eat or drink for days because he was upset. But, he made himself get rid

Global Financing an Example of the Topic Economics Essays by

Global Financing The global marketplace in which countries use the different structures of trading is one of the major attributes in international cooperation. Because of the significant interactions of economies towards progress, there is always a need to continuously monitor the way financial assets are utilized. In this case, financial institutions such as the World Bank will be able to effectively address the different needs of respective county members. The overall capability of the institution to solve financial problems can eventually become the most important role the department will be able to impart. Need essay sample on "Global Financing" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Our Customers Often Tell EssayLab professionals: Who wants to write essay for me? Professional writers suggest: Academic Papers For Students Cheapest Essay Writing Company Pay For Essay Essay Writing Service Buy Essays Cheap The major role of the World Bank is to provide financial assistances for member countries. This aid comes in the form of capital investments which equates to monetary values. In most cases, the financial help is being utilized for the sole purpose of addressing a nations lack of capability to develop its own economy by using only the domestic resources it has. Because of such dilemma, it needs to acquire a substantial form of help from external resources in order to follow the strategy plan of development. The World Bank fills the gap of money resources in order to proceed with the development program of an economy. The process of providing loans is usually given to developing countries which primarily target to eradicate situational poverty in their respective territories (Wikipedia, 2007). In the global perspective, the institution provides a significant contribution in terms of international financing operations. Several aspects of financial factors which lead to global economic stability are being influenced by how the World Bank operates. Some situational examples may be realized on how the institution plays an important role in shaping the world economic status. First, the banks money lending approach provides almost instantaneous assistance to any countries which need additional funding for its project. Because of this aspect, the nation will be able to limit its necessary expenses in coping with the fund mismanagement portfolio. Such a case makes it possible for the state to allocate other funds of its budget to other important matters, therefore reducing the need to directly apply for a loan to other industrialized nations. Another example is the effective reallocation of global assets to important projects. The World Bank serves as the basic channel in which global money is being utilized in the most efficient ways. Not only it provides convenience to the loaner but it can also provide significant profitability values for shareholders of the bank's fund. In this case, the mutual benefits are experienced by all members of the organization. It is an obvious realization the World Bank profits from poor countries (Netto, 2006). But this fact can at least be justified on how both ends of the equation benefit from it. Lastly, the institution is able to provide greater assistance not only in the financial aspect but also in terms of building ideal economic activities. The bank always makes it a point to at least provide its recommendations and structured plans for one country to maximize the value of the fund being loaned. Although some sectors of the developing countries see it as a form of sovereignty offense, it can be observed that the promotion of a planned economic development can easily provide greater stability for a nations economy. Since the bank employs a team of experts in the field of financial utilization, it would be beneficial for a country to follow the suggestion of the World Bank on how to use the money. This will at least minimize cases of misallocation, budgeting concerns and possible corruption. The risks involved in the financial sector are always present. Because of the presence of money values which are always used in any forms of transactions, it is always a burden for financial institutions to develop risk management procedures in order to divert their possible impact. For the World Bank, the main goal is to effectively diversify the funds so that the overall asset will not be compromised once a financial crisis happens. The bank manages its money in global liquidity portfolios so that only parts of the resources will be affected in each economic situation involved (World Bank Group, 2004). In this manner, the institution's assets can be easily turned into money once an economic recession occurs. What it can do is to sell its properties, shares and other physical assets in order to make up the lost money values form other losing transactions. In another aspect, the bank also involves the creation of investment opportunities to each country members. This at least ensures the office to monitor the current financial conditions for each respective economy. When a monetary crisis breaks out, the bank can easily detect the procedures to follow in order to minimize the impact to other international assets. Having a reliable institution such as the World Bank makes it possible for different economies to share the world's financial resources. Because of the capability of the bank to help other poor nations to develop their economies, the greater sense of worth is being justified in the creation of the office. In the future, the bank will still be able to serve the same service it has ratified in its goals while at the same time, maintaining the positive outcomes of what it has been doing today to world economies. References Netto, A. 2006. World Bank Profits From Poor Countries - Report. Common Dreams. Retrieved December 15, 2007 from https://www.commondreams.org/ Wikipedia. 2007. Wikipedia-The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved December 15, 2007 from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Bank/ World Bank Group. 2004. The World Bank Treasury. The World bank Group. Retrieved December 15, 2007 from http://treasury.worldbank.org/

Free Essays on The Roman Colosseum

The Roman Colosseum Architecture of the ancient Roman Empire is considered some of the most impressive of all time. The city of Rome once was home to more than one million residents in the early centuries AD. The Romans had a fine selection of building monuments in the city of Rome including forums for civic services, temples of worship, and amphitheaters for recreation and play. The Romans pioneered and made great use of architectural mechanisms including arches, columns, and even early elevators. However, when one tends to think of great buildings, one building in Rome comes to mind. This building is the Flavian Amphitheatre, better known as the Colosseum. When discussing such a great monument such as the Colosseum, it is very important to realize the time, place, and culture in wish it stood to fully understand both its form and function. In the beginnings, Rome was both influenced by the Etruscans of the North and Greeks of Italy and South but had its basic roots from a long time of Samnite domination. The Etruscans were that of an interesting type .The Etruscans combined a passionate devotion to the ordinary pleasures of life with a haunting fear of death. They were cruel, too, and deeply superstitious, their victims would often be ordered to fight among themselves until the last had fallen. The Etruscans would have a strong impression in Roman lifestyles and philosophies. For example, the purple robe worn by Etruscan leaders would later be adopted by the Romans. They also were the influence which brought gladiatorial battles of sacrifice into the Roman culture. This was a time of blood thirsty humans who loved the site of battle. Even an early Christian named Alypius proclaimed that he ?took away with him a mad passion which prodded him not only to return (to gladatior events) with those by whom he had first been forced in, but even ahead of them and dragging in others.? This was also time of paganism, which meant sacrifice and de... Free Essays on The Roman Colosseum Free Essays on The Roman Colosseum The Roman Colosseum Architecture of the ancient Roman Empire is considered some of the most impressive of all time. The city of Rome once was home to more than one million residents in the early centuries AD. The Romans had a fine selection of building monuments in the city of Rome including forums for civic services, temples of worship, and amphitheaters for recreation and play. The Romans pioneered and made great use of architectural mechanisms including arches, columns, and even early elevators. However, when one tends to think of great buildings, one building in Rome comes to mind. This building is the Flavian Amphitheatre, better known as the Colosseum. When discussing such a great monument such as the Colosseum, it is very important to realize the time, place, and culture in wish it stood to fully understand both its form and function. In the beginnings, Rome was both influenced by the Etruscans of the North and Greeks of Italy and South but had its basic roots from a long time of Samnite domination. The Etruscans were that of an interesting type .The Etruscans combined a passionate devotion to the ordinary pleasures of life with a haunting fear of death. They were cruel, too, and deeply superstitious, their victims would often be ordered to fight among themselves until the last had fallen. The Etruscans would have a strong impression in Roman lifestyles and philosophies. For example, the purple robe worn by Etruscan leaders would later be adopted by the Romans. They also were the influence which brought gladiatorial battles of sacrifice into the Roman culture. This was a time of blood thirsty humans who loved the site of battle. Even an early Christian named Alypius proclaimed that he ?took away with him a mad passion which prodded him not only to return (to gladatior events) with those by whom he had first been forced in, but even ahead of them and dragging in others.? This was also time of paganism, which meant sacrifice and de...

DNA Functions and Structure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

DNA Functions and Structure - Essay Example These are known as the nuclear DNA and the mitochondrial DNA, respectively. A very significant trait of the DNA is that it can very efficiently and easily â€Å"replicate, or make copies of itself. Each strand of DNA in the double helix can serve as a pattern for duplicating the sequence of bases. This is critical when cells divide because each new cell needs to have an exact copy of the DNA present in the old cell† (Genetics Home Reference, 2012). The DNA, regardless of its overly microscopic size, has many functions under its assigned responsibilities. The DNA normally exists in the form of either prokaryotes or eukaryotes, existing in a different chromosomal stage in either of the states. Under the biological functions that the DNA performs, there exists the storage of hereditary and genetic information by the genes which determine the traits and features of the future generations. Secondly, the DNA is responsible for the transcription and translation of the genetic codes t hat are matched with its matching RNA, in further course. Lastly, the DNA carries out the replication of cell, which means that the cells divide amongst themselves and create copies of their own selves, in order to grow, in number and size. This is considered to be the bases for the notion of biological inheritance. These functions of the DNA are carried out simultaneously. The efficiency of this is ensured by the structure of the DNA which is double helix in nature. Details of these functions will discussed in greater detail, in the following. A polymer is a composition and a collection of numerous monomers called mononucleotide units. The structure of this nucleotide unit is as simple as the concept of this unit itself. These nucleotide units are formed by bonds of phosphates, sugars and a heterocyclic base. The chemical reaction is sped up and catalyzed by specialist enzymes. As a result of the components of this structure of this type of nucleotide units, after intermolecular de hydration, they form phosphate ester bonds. In a situation where nitrogenous bases on the DNAs complementing each other are called as base pairs. There has been extensive research and there have been many conclusions to the question of the combinations of the base pairs that are formed. The conclusions, with respect to the researches have varied with time and so have the combinations that are formed, according to each research. â€Å"DNA replication  is a biological process that occurs in all  living organisms  and copies their  DNA; it is the basis for  biological inheritance. The process starts when one double-stranded DNA molecule produces two identical copies of the molecule. The cell cycle (mitosis) also pertains to the DNA replication/reproduction process. The cell cycle includes, interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Each strand of the original double-stranded DNA molecule serves as template for the production of the complementary strand, a proc ess referred to as  semiconservative replication. Cellularproofreading  and error toe-checking mechanisms ensure  near perfect  fidelity for DNA replication† (Berg, Tymozko, Stryer, & Clarke, 2002) The RNA, like the DNA, is an acronym for the Ribonucleic Acid and is made up of lengthy chains of micro structures called nucleotides, consisting of sugars and a nucleobase. The structure of