What Is the Difference Between Molarity and Normality

Both molarity and normality are measures of concentration. One is a measure of the number of moles per liter of solution, while the other is variable, depending on the solutions role in the reaction. What Is Molarity? Molarity is the most commonly used measure of concentration. It is expressed as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. For example, a 1 M solution of H2SO4 contains 1 mole of H2SO4 per liter of solution. H2SO4 dissociates into H and SO4- ions in water. For every mole of H2SO4 that dissociates in solution, 2 moles of H and 1 mole of SO4- ions are formed. This is where normality is generally used. What Is Normality? Normality is a measure of concentration that is equal to the gram equivalent weight per liter of solution. Gram equivalent weight is a measure of the reactive capacity of a molecule. The solutions role in the reaction determines the solutions normality. For acid reactions, a 1 M H2SO4 solution will have normality (N) of 2 N because 2 moles of H ions are present per liter of solution. For sulfide precipitation reactions, where the SO4- ion is the most significant factor, the same 1 M H2SO4 solution will have a normality of 1 N. When to Use Molarity and Normality For most purposes, molarity is the preferred unit of concentration. If the temperature of an experiment will change, then a good unit to use is molality. Normality tends to be used most often for titration calculations. Converting From Molarity to Normality You can convert from molarity (M)Â  to normality (N) using the following equation: N M*n where n is the number of equivalents Note that for some chemical species, N and M are the same (n is 1). The conversion only matters when ionization changes the number of equivalents. How Normality Can Change Because normality references concentration with respect to the reactive species, its an ambiguous unit of concentration (unlike molarity). An example of how this can work may be seen with iron(III) thiosulfate, Fe2(S2O3)3. The normality depends on which part of the redox reaction youre examining. If the reactive species is Fe, then a 1.0 M solution would be 2.0 N (two iron atoms). However, if the reactive species is S2O3, then a 1.0 M solution would be 3.0 N (three moles of thiosulfate ions per each mole of iron thiosulfate). (Usually, the reactions arent this complicated and youd just be examining the number of H ions in a solution.)

Asian American Experience Essay - 1642 Words

Asian American Experience The pain and the suffering, the oppression, and the exclusion all describe the history of Asia America. When they arrived to the United States, they become labeled as Asians. These Asians come from Japan, China, Korea, Laos, Thailand, and many other diverse countries in the Eastern hemisphere. These people wanted to escape from their impoverished lives as the West continued to infiltrate their motherland. They saw America as the promise land filled with opportunity to succeed in life. Yet due to the discrimination placed from society and continual unfair†¦show more content†¦They were forced to separate from society and start their own businesses. Even today Asian Americans have been labeled as Laundromat and restaurant owners. This fear of Asian Americans stealing their jobs influenced the government to respond. Hence, the Asian Americans have a rich history of holding a wide range of occupations throughout their history. The government targeted the Asian Americans as a threat. As Takaki asserted, â€Å"Unlike European immigrants, Asians were also victimized by the institutionalized racial discrimination of public policies.† These policies include the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 and the National Origins Act of 1924. The social image of America can clearly be seen as only â€Å"whites† when the government institute policies to encourage European women to arrive to America so the immigrants can form families, while Asian women were barred the entry to prevent families to formShow MoreRelatedHow Did The Cold War Affect Asian American Experiences?1030 Words   |  5 PagesCold War affect Asian American experiences? America feared that the Cold War would inspire the Soviet communism nurture egalitarian societies, and prompt the colored people inside and outside America to remain marginal between capitalism and communism. 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Accounting Financial Analysis Report Inventories

Question: Write theAccounting Financial Analysis Report forInventories. Answer: Introduction 1.IAS 2 Inventories comprises the condition on how to interpretate for the kinds of inventory.The motive of IAS 2 is to recommend the accounting conduct for inventories. It provide guiadance to determine the charge of inventorie and then recognise an expense which includes write down to the net realisable value. It also gives a guaidance on the formulas of cost. Inventories are actually goods which include assests held for sale in normal operations of commerce and also includes materials and supplies that are wholly expended in manufacture. Accounting standard 2 does not include work in progress, financial instruments, and biological assets which is related to agriculture The important principle is the value the stock at lower of cost and NRV. In inventories the cost should include all the costs of purchase which includes duties, costs of change, with other costs which includes the inventory to carry in to the present location. NRV is actually the projected selling price in normal co urse of business minus the estimated costs or other costs that will lead to complete of sale. Some write down of NRV should be classified as an expense in the period in which the write down happens. IAS 2 allows an entity to disclose operating costsrecognised during the periodby nature of the cost and the quantity of net change in inventories for the period. The reason aimed at using lesser of cost an net realisable value is that the stock should portray correct values and should not be overrated or underrated. If by any case the NRV is less than the cost of producing, then the NRV should be the inventory quantity. The financial statements should show correct figures. The amount of write down of inventory as a result of application of the lower net realisable policy is $ 1.8 million in 2014 and $1.4 million in 2013 (Theresa, 2013). The likely causes of write down of inventory are: A write down in inventory is recorded by reducing the amount recorded as inventory. We can say that the inventory account is reduced by a credit. Inventory is written down if the goods or the pstock is lost or is stolen and in cases where the value has been weakened. If an individual is not aware of the inventory issue or problem then he should charge the entire sum as expense at instance. Write down over the forthcoming periods should not be spread as there is no benefit in this case. The future probability of inventorie is uncertain and it is due to many reasons such as demand of sales, levels of inventory, cost of production and quality of the product. Each balance sheet it is necessary to revalue and to see whether the amount is reflected properly according to the accounting standard. Inventory calculation also integrates a write-down to reflect future losses on the of obsolete produce. The Company also makes provision for the approximation lessening that has occurred amongst phy sical inventory count as a proportion of sales (Wiecek, 2013). Vendor settlement accrual is a system the company archives to cover any disagreements that arises between corporation and its vendors. References Theresa, H. (2013) The Effects of Adopting IFRS: The Canadian Experience. Retrieved 02 December 2016fromhttps://scholarworks.gsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1016context=bus_admin_dis Wiecek, I. (2013) Guide to International Financial Reporting Standards in Canada: The Canadian Experience.Retrieved02December2016from file:///C:/Users/com/Downloads/Guide%20to%20International%20Financial%20Reporting%20Standards%20in%20Canada%20IAS%2016%20Property%20Plant%20and%20Equipment.pdf

Things Fall Apart Essays (1440 words) - African Writers Series

Things Fall Apart Things Fall Apart is a story about personal beliefs and customs and also a story about conflict. There is struggle between family, culture, and religion of the Ibo people which is all brought on by a difference in personal beliefs and customs. There are the strong opinions of the main character, Okonkwo. We are also introduced to the views of his village, Umuofia. Finally, we see how things fall apart when these beliefs and customs are confronted by those of the white missionaries. Chinua Achebe is a product of both native and European cultures. This has a great effect on the telling of the story. When he tells the story with an understanding and personal experiences in both cultures. He does not portray the African culture and their beliefs as barbaric. He simply tells it as it is and how things happened. It is the same with the white men. Chinua Achebe realized that neither of the cultures were bad, but they simply had a difference in beliefs. We see a conflict early in the story between Okonkwo and his father, Unoka. Okonkwo was ruled by one passion - to hate everything that his father Unoka had loved. One of those things was gentleness and another was idleness (p.13). Unoka was considered to be a failure. Okonkwo did not receive anything from his father and he had to start out with nothing. His goal in life was to obtain great wealth and to have many wives and children. The Ibo people considered these things signs of success. Yet, his greatest goal was his desire to become one of the powerful elders of the clan. It is Okonkwo's inner anger and bitterness over his father's failure that seemed to be the driving force behind everything he did in life. This was evident in the fact that he always felt as though he had to do what was manly and he hated weakness. Just as Okonkwo did not want to be like his father, Nwoye did not want to be like Okonkwo. Nwoye possessed traits that Okonkwo did not such as gentleness, forgiveness, and acceptance. Okonkwo saw these as signs of weakness. Okonkwo never showed any emotion openly, unless it be the emotion of anger. To show affection was a sign of weakness; the only thing worth demonstrating was strength (p.28). Okonkwo considered Nwoye to be lazy and wanted him to be a success like himself. Okonkwo wanted his son to be a great farmer and a great man. I will not have a son who cannot hold up his head in the gathering of the clan. I would sooner strangle him with my own hands (p.33). This is an example of the difference in personal beliefs among family. Some may say that the book is about the differences in beliefs between the Africans and the colonizers, but it is more than that. It is clear that it was Okonkwo's personal beliefs and not necessarily the views of the people of Umuofia which guided him in what he did. One of these is his reliance in the strength of anger. Although he felt strongly in the beliefs and customs of the Ibo people, there are several occasions in which Okonkwo made a decision to disobey the customs in order to live out his own personal beliefs. For example, in chapter four, Okonkwo is yelled at by Ezeani, the priest of the earth goddess, for beating his wife during the sacred week of peace. Okonkwo did not feel remorse for his actions and probably thought of it as a sign of strength and manhood. Okonkwo was always worried about being seen as weak. One good example of this is when he kills Ikemefuna. Okonkwo liked the boy because he saw several good qualities in him that he wished his own son possessed. He had to be killed because of one of their customs. When it came time to kill Ikemefuna, Okonkwo delivered the second and final blow from his machete and killed the boy so that people would not think that he was weak. After Ikemefuna was killed, Okonkwo was unable to eat or drink for days because he was upset. But, he made himself get rid